Accident Analysis Essay

In January 25, 1990, Avianca Flight 52, a Boeing 707 left Bogota, Colombia for New York. After more than an hour of delay, the plane ran out of fuel and crashed in the town of Cove Neck, Long Island, New York, killing 73 people, including 9 crew members and 65 of the 149 passengers, and injuring the rest. Analysis of this accident would show how human error, faulty systems and bad weather conditions caused this accident. The flight crew did not officially declare that they were running out of fuel until it was already too late. The accident could have been avoided if the flight crew has clearly stated that they were really in trouble. Language barrier could have played a part since the crew only asked for â€Å"priority† which in Spanish could mean that they were in trouble. The crew should have notified their fuel load to Air Traffic Control when they were put on hold for the first time. This simple information could have made the difference. ATC could have suggested earlier an alternate airport had they known this information. Instead, the pilots literally went around in circles waiting for further instructions. By the time the flight was cleared for landing, it only had enough fuel for one last approach. When the plane was on its final approach, it encountered wind shear, a change of wind direction over short distances. ATC only informed the flight crew of wind shear at 1500 feet. The crew had to abort their approach because they would fall short of the runway. The flight was doomed after that incident. Even if they were redirected to an alternate airport prior to the approach, they would not have enough fuel to make it to Boston. The question now is why the flight crew didn’t consult their flight dispatch about possible alternate airports which are not as busy as the John F. Kennedy International. The answer maybe the breaking of the sterile cockpit rule below 10,000 feet. The sterile cockpit rule below 10,000 feet states that pilots should not talk about things that are not necessary during crucial stages of the flight, which is usually below 10,000 feet. The pilots mind may have wandered off due to the long delay the Air Traffic Control has given them. In a sense, Air Traffic Control failed to prioritize air traffic in JFK international. Though Avianca flight 52 did not declare its fuel load problems earlier, it did say that it wanted priority. In like mentioned earlier, due to language barrier, â€Å"priority† may have been already a distress call. Air Traffic Control confirmed this request but what kind of priority is a seventy seven minute delay? Obviously, the failure of the flight crew and Air Traffic Control to communicate properly resulted to this horrible accident. This accident could have been avoided if the airline had their own operational control dispatch system that could have assisted them when Air Traffic Control has apparently ignored them. A standardized terminology in fuel related problems also contributed to the plane’s crash. If there was only a universal term to describe what the flight was actually experiencing, the language barrier between Air Traffic Control and the pilots would have been irrelevant. To sum up, the plane crash was a result of contributing factors, communication problems, probable mental lapse of the pilots, lack of proper terminology, and unfavorable winds. This accident proves that constant communication is important in air travel and a high level of concentration is required for the job. Pilots should be trained extensively before giving them their licences, including language training that ensures pilots can converse well in English. In this aspect, a standard language for aeronautical terms should be established. Though the wind shear caused further delay, the plane could have made another attempt if only it had not been idle for more than hour.

Case Of Location Choice For Existing Organisation Business Essay

Case Of Location Choice For Existing Organisation Business Essay for an organisation. One of the key features of a conversion process manufacturing system is the efficiency with which the products services are transferred to the customers.This fact will include the determination of where to place the plant or facility.The selection of location is a key-decision as large investment is made in building plant and machinery. It is not advisable or not possible to change the location very often. So an improper location of plant may lead to waste of all the investments made in building and machinery, equipment. Before a location for a plant is selected, long range forecasts should be made anticipating future needs of the company. The plant location should be based on the company’s expansion plan and policy, diversification plan for the products, changing market conditions, the changing sources of raw materials and many other factors that influence the choice of the location decision. The purpose of the location study is to find an optimum locati on one that will result in the greatest advantage to the organization. The need for selecting a suitable location arises because of three situations. When starting a new organisation, i.e., location choice for the first time. In case of existing organisation. In case of Global Location. In Case of Location Choice for the First Time or New Organisations Cost economies are always important while selecting a location for the first time, but should keep in mind the cost of long-term business/organisational objectives. The following are the factors to be considered while selecting the location for the new organisations: Identification of region: The organisational objectives along with the various long-term considerations about marketing, technology, internal organisational strengths and weaknesses, region specific resources and business environment, legal-governmental environment, social environment and geographical environment suggest a suitable region for locating the operations facil ity. Choice of a site within a region: Once the suitable region is identified, the next step is choosing the best site from an available set. Choice of a site is less dependent on the organisation’s long-term strategies. Evaluation of alternative sites for their tangible and intangible costs will resolve facilities-location problem. The problem of location of a site within the region can be approached with the following cost-oriented non-interactive model, i.e., dimensional analysis. Dimensional analysis: If all the costs were tangible and quantifiable, the comparison and selection of a site is easy. The location with the least cost is selected. In most of the cases intangible costs which are expressed in relative terms than in absolute terms. Their relative merits and demerits of sites can also be compared easily. Since both tangible and intangible costs need to be considered for a selection of a site, dimensional analysis is used. In Case of Location Choice for Existing Org anisation In this case a manufacturing plant has to fit into a multi-plant operations strategy. That is, additional plant location in the same premises and elsewhere under following circumstances: Plant manufacturing distinct products. Manufacturing plant supplying to specific market area.

Superman in Sixties and Pop Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Superman in Sixties and Pop Art - Research Paper Example Superman in the Sixties has got both pictures and texts that accompany the pictures. This has made it akin to the "narrative literary texts†. This has been one of the factors that made it popular within young and old aged people. The use of both images and texts make the comic to elaborate the happening efficiently and effectively. Superman in the Sixties is a form of comic that narrates a story to the audience. There is an interconnection of the images and the word in the book. The Superman in the Sixties as a series showcases the work of several artists in the book. The artists identified include the pencillers and the inkers and offers comparison elements with other works. The comic employs the use of speech balloon, caption, thought balloons, tier of panels, balloon tail, and sound effects among others. Furthermore, the readers can see them from the beginning to the end of the comic book. In addition, there is also use of cartooning in the book to pass the information. The authors use cartooning to give the information in relation to the characters: Jonathan and Martha, Clark, and Lana Lang among others. This made it possible to include non- diegitic symbols. There is also use of caricature in the comic book, for example, the authors describe Superman as someone with huge chest as a symbol of his strength. The comic also promotes the use of feathering in some parts. The book also entails the use of various inflicted lines in different areas of the book. There is also use of emanate in the comic book.

Establishing a Utility Corner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Establishing a Utility Corner - Essay Example Vision statement of course depicts the sincerity with which we intend to take our customers because investment in smiles gets satisfaction in return. Our vision statement is "We care for your comfort and value your time". Youth: This segment is the most vibrant market of all for couple of reasons. One, the youth of the day has become very demanding. Second, the youth is very much quality conscious. Third and most important, the growing trend of handing over the reins of business to young workers is giving rise to increasing number of young managers and CEOs. Family: With increasing trend towards nuclear family, quality time with family has become a rare commodity. Kids are taken care of by crches with both parents working. Therefore weekends are particularly very important for such family outings and our store has to try its level best to invite such families. Business Community: Business community requires an ambience where it can invite potential clients/ customers and seal a deal over lunch. Therefore, such sessions (generally long sitting sessions) are very helpful for a successful utility store. This community at times requires a small meeting cum demo room and some office support, which has to be taken care of by our business establishment. It is worthwhile here to mention that while we are starting off with a new business, there must be couple of others in the market having similar business and attracting similar customers. Established businesses have some loyal customers as well. We need to attract such customers with lucrative offers. For example; Youth can be attracted with discount schemes, combo offers (like buy one get one free etc.), loyalty bonuses, special attraction for the students of colleges/ schools. Such promotional schemes help attract the customers. It becomes the duty of the management to put in full use the concepts of Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Families can be attracted with better bargains for kids, innovative marketing schemes (like special packages for grand parents, weekend programmes/ competitions/ contests for kids etc. The business community is the most difficult one to invite with such bargains. This 'formal class' requires one-to-one meeting with officials and offering them better bargains and scores of incentives to switch loyalties. Comparison charts and statements are a perquisite for such missions with business leaders. Each business group requires a different set of persuasion technique. Competition is in fact a very important part of a market driven economy. This encourages the business commun

Review a concert about jazz performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Review a concert about jazz performance - Essay Example Interestingly, even though most true jazz musicians seek to distance themselves from the understanding the jazz is ultimately a form of dance music, society’s perception of jazz continues to be concentric upon the belief that jazz is ultimately an early form of modern dance music. Some various jazz songs could be said to incorporate this element where the musicians thought it would be healthier to do something different instead of the ordinary music production. Likewise, for purposes of this performance review, the author will focus upon the following pieces and analyze how they were played and how this author reacted to the music: Andy Page’s â€Å"Up-End Adam† and â€Å"Jazzin’ in Jazz Town†, Brian Heater’s â€Å"Imagination†, and Mitch Rivet’s â€Å"Dancing with Pinkie†. The first two pieces to be discussed, those composed by Andy Page was magnificent in that the audience instantly engaged with the content. The trumpet was the lead instrument in this performance, which appeared to guide the artists. It carried the melody of every tune. This was an interesting dynamic to note due to the fact that regardless of the musical genre that one seeks to discuss, ultimately a single instrument or a group of instruments will seek to differentiate themselves from the others as a means of providing a firm and solid lead. Oftentimes within classical music this is realized within the lead violin or other instrument. Similarly, within rock ‘n roll this is oftentimes realized with regards to the lead guitar. Invariably, jazz exhibits the same constraints and allows different instruments to perform the lead even within the same song; thereby helping to set jazz apart from the other forms of music that a previously been listed by way of the fact that it is able to integrate and incorporate a number of instruments within any given piece that all can serve as the lead instrument. The second song, also of Andy P age was not about the sharp nines, flat fives, substitutes’ chord or metric subdivisions. The feeling, message and honesty the artists gave the crowd was just phenomenal. What gave the performance an intellectual aspect was the emotional ends. A person could feel connected to the artist and his message. The mental aspect of the song was that, in the middle, it gave someone a funky feeling through the solos, which included drums beats, as well as the saxophones, being played unaccompanied. It was within this very performance that the impacts of jazz upon modern music could be seen. Although the saxophone is not necessarily seen as a contemporary instrument within popular music, the means by which the saxophone solo was utilized to invoke strong melodic realizations and a differentiation from the remainder of the piece was munch it can to the way that modern singers perform a capello segments within their own songs. Though jazz oftentimes incorporates a vocalist, the utilizatio n of the saxophone is almost indistinguishable from the way that a vocalist might operate within a jazz band. The trumpet, in this performance, was the loudest, cutting instrument, above all others. The instruments guided other soloists in carrying out their performances. It was like the "alpha" instrument. The fourth piece which will herein be discussed is that of Brian Heater’

Persuading local business owners to develop a parking structure Research Proposal

Persuading local business owners to develop a parking structure - Research Proposal Example Lastly, the proposal includes details regarding different personnel of XYZ Company that will play a crucial role in success of the project. In this regard, XYZ Company shows its commitment to facilitate twenty-six business organizations of Washington Square Plaza in fulfilling its requirement of parking structure with the provision of quality service and first-class products. Kindly do not hesitate in contacting the company at (123) 456-7890 or through email at abc@xyz.com Sincerely Yours Mark Siegel XYZ Company Project Manager abc@xyz.com (123) 456-7890 Executive Summary It is a study that since few years, there has been noteworthy increase in the quantity of business organizations operating in Washington Square Plaza, and that has caused expansion of businesses. ... Besides present issues and problems, it is expectation of Washington Square Plaza’s management that number of organizations operating in the plaza will augment in the coming years due to its chief position and easy entrance from around the city. For this basis, the proposal includes dialogue on brief explanation of parking project for authorization from all the organizations operating in the Washington Square Plaza. The proposal includes a map of surrounding areas of Washington Square Plaza as well that signifies main position of the plaza and indicates space of parking structure with the red balloon. At present, the parking structure will allow approximately two hundred cars in its space, whereas, the structure has capacity for extension that will allow parking of another 200 cars. In brief, the project will include five phases of initial planning, data analysis, concept development, concept to customers, and preliminary design. Introduction It is an observation that since fe w years, there has been significant increment in the number of business organizations operating in Washington Square Plaza, and that has resulted in growth of businesses. However, at the same time, employees and employers of these business organizations are confronting a huge issue of parking due to increased number of employees working in the building, and thus, increment in the demand of spaces for parking. In this regard, this proposal will include description of different aspects of the parking project. Need Statement Analysis (McDonald, 2007) has indicated that Washington Square Plaza has twenty-six business organizations in its premises, and approximately, every business organization has twelve employees on average.

METABOLISM, Report on any two (2) classes of messengers, that interact Lab

METABOLISM, on any two (2) classes of messengers, that interact with each other, directly or indirectly, to alter the met - Lab Report Example When these glucose levels reach a high level, the pancreas will release insulin that stimulates tissues that are dependent on insulin to take up the excess glucose. Therefore, glucagon is one part of the feedback system, together with insulin, that stabilizes the levels of blood sugar. Glucagon is synthesized in the islets of langerhans by the alpha cells and secreted by the same cells. The islets of langerhans are found in the pancreas’ endocrinal portion and in man1. Glucagon is a peptide hormone with 29 amino acids, and generally, it acts to raise sugar levels present in the blood through promotion of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, which refer to splitting of stored glycogen to glucose sub-units and formation of glucose respectively2. It exists as an inert holoenzyme, pro-glucagon, which is activated by pro-hormone convertase into glucagon. Glycogen is a polymer form of glucose that is similar to starch in plants and is stored in liver hepatocytes. These hepatocytes po ssess receptors for glucagon that bind the hormone. On binding of glucagon, the hepatocytes release glucose from the glycogen polymer released to the blood, for use by other cells through glycogenolysis. Simultaneously, glucagon also binds to hepatocytes and kidney cells and stimulates the synthesis of glucose through the process of gluconeogenesis. Through, shutting down the process of glycolysis, glucagon leads to the shunting of glycolytic intermediates to the reformation of glucose. The hormone also has a minimal on the human process of lipolysis. It appears that production of glucagon depends on the CNS, although the pathways that affect the production of glucagon are yet to be clearly defined. Glucagon dissociates soon after it binds onto the glucagon receptors since they change the configuration after activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate2. The free glucagon is dissociated in the blood by proteolytic enzymes. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is a nucleoside phosphate, which acts as a second messenger and is of utmost importance in numerous processes in the human body. The messenger is formed from ATP, and the resultant molecule is used in signal transduction within the cell acting in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate dependent pathway3. Adenylate cyclase, which is found on the inner membrane’s inner surface, synthesizes cyclic adenosine monophosphate from the precursor molecule ATP. Adenylate cyclase enzyme undergoes activation through G-protein coupled receptors, whereas it is inhibited by inhibitory G-protein coupled receptors. Adenylate cyclase within the liver and in the muscles is more specific to glucagon than it is to adrenalin3. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate has one phosphate group that is bound to position three and position five of the sugar through two phosphate-ester linkages4. These linkages form a cyclic structure or a ring that is limited by residues of oxygen and phosphorous, as well as by the carbons at position three and fiv e. This explains why it is referred to as cyclic adenosine monophosphate. It is used for signal transductions within human cells for passing on the effects of hormones that cannot pass through the plasma membrane, such as the peptide hormone glucagon. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is particularly involved in protein kinase activation. It also binds to ion channels and regulates their permeability. Some of